Files
zitadel/apps/docs/content/apis/actions/internal-authentication.mdx
T
2bd42e8fc4 fix(actions): allow adding raw metadata values via appendMetadataRaw (#12567)
# Which Problems Are Solved

Since #10666 (v4.1+, backported to v4.x), metadata values set through
actions v1 (`api.metadata.push` and `api.v1.user.appendMetadata`) are
always JSON-encoded via `json.Marshal`. This made the write path
consistent with the JSON-based read path, but removed the ability to
store raw (unencoded) metadata values:

- A scalar string is now always stored quoted (`"de"` instead of `de`).
- The previous byte-array convention (mapping a string to an integer
array in the script, handled by `mapBytesToByteArray` introduced in
#5526) now stores the literal integer-array text (e.g. `[100,101]`)
instead of the raw bytes.

Customers migrating from v3.x whose downstream systems base64-decode
metadata values from tokens and expect raw bytes have no way to produce
them anymore — changing the consuming system is not always possible.

Reverting the default is not an option either, as clients that adopted
actions v1 on v4.x now rely on the JSON encoding.

# How the Problems Are Solved

- Adds a new, opt-in function `api.v1.user.appendMetadataRaw(key,
value)` to the actions v1 login flows (external / internal
authentication post authentication and pre creation), next to the
existing `appendMetadata`.
- The value is stored as raw bytes without JSON encoding:
  - a string is stored as its plain UTF-8 bytes (`de`, not `"de"`)
- byte arrays (`Uint8Array` or a plain array of integers 0-255, the old
convention) are stored as-is, so existing v3 scripts using a
string-to-byte-array helper only need to switch the function name
  - other types (and empty values) throw an error
- The existing `appendMetadata` and `api.metadata.push` behavior remains
byte-for-byte unchanged.

# Additional Changes

- Documented `appendMetadataRaw` (and the JSON encoding behavior of
`appendMetadata`) in the external and internal authentication actions
docs.
- Added unit tests for the new function (through a real goja runtime)
and a test locking in the existing `appendMetadata` JSON-encoding
behavior.

# Additional Context

- Regression introduced as a side effect of #10666 (which fixed #10470);
the raw byte handling was originally introduced in #5526.
- Reported by a customer upgrading from v3.4.x to v4.16.x, whose
PostAuthentication action maps token payload claims into user metadata.
- Requires backport to v4.x.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.8 <[email protected]>
2026-08-11 15:44:15 +02:00

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---
title: Internal Authentication Flow
description: "Add custom business logic to the internal ZITADEL authentication flow after a successful login."
---
This flow is executed if the user logs in using the login UI hosted by ZITADEL.
The flow is represented by the following Ids in the API: `3`
## Post Authentication
A user has authenticated directly at ZITADEL.
ZITADEL validated the users inputs for password, OTP or passkey.
Each validation step triggers the action.
The trigger is represented by the following Ids in the API: `TRIGGER_TYPE_POST_AUTHENTICATION` or `1`.
### Parameters of Post Authentication Action
- `ctx`
The first parameter contains the following fields
- `v1`
- `authMethod` *string*
This is one of "password", "OTP", "U2F" or "passwordless"
- `authError` *string*
This is a verification errors string representation. If the verification succeeds, this is "none"
- `authRequest` [*auth request*](/apis/actions/objects#auth-request)
- `httpRequest` [*http request*](/apis/actions/objects#http-request)
- `api`
The second parameter contains the following fields
- `metadata`
Array of [*metadata*](./objects#metadata-with-value-as-bytes). This function is deprecated, please use `api.v1.user.appendMetadata`
- `v1`
- `user`
- `appendMetadata(string, Any)`
The first parameter represents the key and the second a value which will be stored.
The value is JSON-encoded, so a string is stored with surrounding quotes (e.g. `"de"`).
- `appendMetadataRaw(string, string | Uint8Array | number[])`
The first parameter represents the key and the second a value which will be stored as raw bytes without JSON encoding.
A string is stored as its plain UTF-8 bytes (e.g. `de` without quotes), a byte array (`Uint8Array` or an array of integers between 0 and 255) is stored as-is.
Use this if the systems consuming the metadata expect an unencoded value.
## Pre Creation
A user registers directly at ZITADEL.
ZITADEL did not create the user yet.
The trigger is represented by the following Ids in the API: `TRIGGER_TYPE_PRE_CREATION` or `2`.
### Parameters of Pre Creation
- `ctx`
The first parameter contains the following fields
- `v1`
- `user` [*human*](./objects#human-user)
- `authRequest` [*auth request*](/apis/actions/objects#auth-request)
- `httpRequest` [*http request*](/apis/actions/objects#http-request)
- `api`
The second parameter contains the following fields
- `metadata`
Array of [*metadata*](./objects#metadata-with-value-as-bytes). This function is deprecated, please use `api.v1.user.appendMetadata`
- `setFirstName(string)`
Sets the first name
- `setLastName(string)`
Sets the last name
- `setNickName(string)`
Sets the nickname
- `setDisplayName(string)`
Sets the display name
- `setPreferredLanguage(string)`
Sets the preferred language, the string has to be a valid language tag as defined in [RFC 5646](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5646)
- `setGender(int)`
Sets the gender.
<ul><li>0: unspecified</li><li>1: female</li><li>2: male</li><li>3: diverse</li></ul>
- `setUsername(string)`
Sets the username
- `setEmail(string)`
Sets the email
- `setEmailVerified(bool)`
If true the email set is verified without user interaction
- `setPhone(string)`
Sets the phone number
- `setPhoneVerified(bool)`
If true the phone number set is verified without user interaction
- `v1`
- `user`
- `appendMetadata(string, Any)`
The first parameter represents the key and the second a value which will be stored.
The value is JSON-encoded, so a string is stored with surrounding quotes (e.g. `"de"`).
- `appendMetadataRaw(string, string | Uint8Array | number[])`
The first parameter represents the key and the second a value which will be stored as raw bytes without JSON encoding.
A string is stored as its plain UTF-8 bytes (e.g. `de` without quotes), a byte array (`Uint8Array` or an array of integers between 0 and 255) is stored as-is.
Use this if the systems consuming the metadata expect an unencoded value.
## Post Creation
A user registers directly at ZITADEL.
ZITADEL successfully created the user.
The trigger is represented by the following Ids in the API: `TRIGGER_TYPE_POST_CREATION` or `3`.
### Parameters of Post Creation
- `ctx`
The first parameter contains the following fields
- `v1`
- `getUser()` [*user*](./objects#user)
- `authRequest` [*auth request*](/apis/actions/objects#auth-request)
- `httpRequest` [*http request*](/apis/actions/objects#http-request)
- `api`
The second parameter contains the following fields
- `userGrants` Array of [*userGrant*](./objects#user-grant)'s
- `v1`
- `appendUserGrant(`[`userGrant`](./objects#user-grant)`)`