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# Which Problems Are Solved - Token exchange rejects `urn:zitadel:iam:org:roles🆔{orgID}` when that scope is not already present on the subject or actor token (`invalid_scope`). - A documented least-privilege pattern — exchanging a broad access token for one whose roles claims are limited to a single organization — has been broken since the v4.15.3 token-exchange hardening and was not restored by #12312. - A naive allow-any-`roles:id` exception would let a previously narrowed token widen again (switch org filter, or drop the filter and get all role orgs), including via an actor token's filter on actor-path exchanges. - A client-requested bare `urn:zitadel:iam:org:roles🆔` (empty org id) is not a meaningful filter and should be rejected on exchange. # How the Problems Are Solved - Treats `OrgRoleIDScope` as a restriction filter with downscope-only semantics via `applyOrgRoleIDScopeDownscoping(requested, ceilingScopes)`: - union / standard exchange passes the **subject** token scopes as the ceiling (actor filters ignored) - impersonation (scopeless `user_id` / `id_token` subject) passes the **actor** token scopes as the ceiling - ceiling unfiltered → any requested `roles:id` is allowed (broad → narrow) - ceiling filtered → requested filters must be ⊆ that set - ceiling filtered but request omits them → inherit the ceiling (omit must not re-widen) - Rejects a **client-requested** bare `urn:zitadel:iam:org:roles🆔` in `validateTokenExchangeScopes` after normalize (before empty-request fallback). Input tokens may still carry the bare prefix as a degenerate ceiling; empty-request / omit inherit does not re-trigger the rejection. - Keeps non-restriction scopes on the existing subject ∪ actor presence checks. - Adds unit coverage for downscope, further downscope, widen rejection, omit-inherit, mixed subject/actor filters, empty-scope access/JWT subjects, and bare-prefix request/ceiling cases. - Adds an integration test for broad → `roles:id` filtered roles, plus a second exchange that rejects widening to another org. - Documents downscope-only and omit-inherit behavior in the reserved scopes table and the token exchange guide. # Additional Changes - Updates the token-exchange guide Scope section to reflect that authorization-related reserved scopes must already be present on input tokens (aligned with the v4.15.3 hardening), rather than suggesting scope can be freely extended. # Additional Context - Closes #12413 - Follow-up for PR #12312 - Related discussion in #11869 (recommended `roles:id` workaround; this restores that path for token exchange without allowing filter widening) - Behavior note for release notes: during token exchange, an existing `urn:zitadel:iam:org:roles🆔*` filter on the subject is inherited when omitted from the request, so role claims cannot re-widen. --------- Co-authored-by: Cursor Agent <[email protected]> Co-authored-by: Livio Spring <[email protected]>