Commit Graph
13 Commits
Author SHA1 Message Date
8a61aa4f36 Merge commit from fork
* fix(command): enforce permission check when issuing passkey enrollment codes

addUserPasskeyCode - behind CreatePasskeyRegistrationLink via
AddUserPasskeyCode / AddUserPasskeyCodeURLTemplate / AddUserPasskeyCodeReturn -
issued a passkey enrollment code without any authorization check.

The RPC's auth annotation carries user.passkey.write with no org_field, so the
API interceptor only verifies the caller's permission in the org taken from the
caller-supplied x-zitadel-orgid header, never the org that owns the target user.
The gRPC handlers additionally pass an empty resourceOwner, and the write model
lookup is instance-wide, so the code was minted against the victim's aggregate
regardless of org. An org owner of one organization could therefore issue a
passkey enrollment code for a user in another organization, enroll an
attacker-controlled authenticator and take over the account.

Authorize against the target user's actual resource owner, resolved from the
write model, before pushing the code requested event.

The check uses user.passkey.write - the permission the RPC already declares -
rather than user.credential.write used by the sibling RegisterUserPasskey. This
narrows the organization the permission is evaluated in without narrowing the
set of roles that may call the endpoint: IAM_USER_MANAGER holds
user.passkey.write but not user.credential.write, and would otherwise lose the
endpoint instance-wide.

The enrollment code stays a bearer credential by design, so the unauthenticated
login flows redeeming it are unaffected; issuance is the only place this can be
enforced.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <[email protected]>

* test(command): guard cross-org passkey enrollment code issuance

The existing AddUserPasskeyCode* tests all use an allowed permission check, so
none of them fails if the authorization is removed again.

Assert the denial path instead: with the caller passing an empty resourceOwner,
as the v2 gRPC handlers do, the check must receive the target user's real
resource owner resolved from the write model, and no event may be pushed.

Without the check in addUserPasskeyCode all three subtests fail, one of them on
an unexpected Push - a code would actually have been issued.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <[email protected]>

* test(user/v2): simulate cross-org passkey registration link attack

End-to-end reproduction against a live instance: an org owner of one
organization requests a passkey registration link, with the request-header org
pinned to its own org, for a user that lives in another organization. Uses the
return-code medium so a successful response would carry the plaintext code,
making a missing denial impossible to pass silently.

The second subtest pins the other half of the contract: IAM_USER_MANAGER holds
user.passkey.write instance-wide and must keep working across organizations, so
the fix cannot be tightened into user.credential.write without regressing it.

No equivalent test for user/v2beta: it shares the same internal/command layer
and is fixed by the same change, but the API is deprecated, so the duplicate is
deliberately omitted.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <[email protected]>

* refactor(command): generate passkey code only after the permission check

Review feedback: the code ID and the passkey code - the latter costs an extra
eventstore filter for the secret generator config - were produced before the
permission check, so an unauthorized caller still paid for both.

The write model is now built with an empty code ID, which is equivalent for
the lookup: the ID only matches events of an already existing code, and a code
about to be created has none. It is assigned right after the check so the
pushed event is still appended to the write model.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <[email protected]>

* fix(command): enforce permission check on v1 passwordless init codes

The deprecated management RPCs AddPasswordlessRegistration and
SendPasswordlessRegistration accept an attacker-controlled user_id and pass the
caller's own organization to the command. That organization only scopes the
write model's read, not the write: for a user of another organization the read
matches nothing, the write model keeps the caller's organization, and on push
the eventstore re-owns the event to the target's real organization
(internal/eventstore/v3/sequence.go). An org admin could therefore mint a
passwordless enrollment link for a user of any other organization and, after
correcting the orgID in the returned link, take the account over.

Same class of flaw as the v2 CreatePasskeyRegistrationLink issue, but a
different command, so the earlier fix does not reach it. Copying that fix
verbatim would not close it either: authorizing against the write model's
resource owner would authorize against the attacker's own organization, where
they legitimately hold the permission. The check is instead handed an empty
resource owner, which makes it resolve the target's real owner from the
eventstore.

The check sits in the two exported commands rather than in the shared inner
function, for two reasons:

  - the RPCs declare different permissions, user.credential.write and
    user.write. Hardcoding one would either lock IAM_USER_MANAGER and
    ORG_USER_MANAGER out of SendPasswordlessRegistration or widen
    AddPasswordlessRegistration to them. Access is preserved exactly.
  - the inner function is also called by importHuman while creating a user,
    whose aggregate has no events yet and whose owner cannot be resolved.

Self management stays allowed, so the auth API's AddMyPasswordlessLink and
SendMyPasswordlessLink are unaffected, as is anonymous redemption of the code
through the login UI - the init code is a bearer credential by design and
issuance is the only place this can be enforced.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <[email protected]>

* test(command): guard cross-org v1 passwordless init code issuance

Asserts the organization handed to checkPermission, not merely that a denial
happened. A caller acting in org1 targeting a user of org2 must be authorized
against org2; a test that only asserted PermissionDenied would pass against the
attacker's own organization, where they hold the permission - which is exactly
how a fix copied from the v2 command would fail.

Also pins the permission per command, so a later attempt to hoist the check
into the shared inner function shows up as roles gaining or losing access, and
asserts that self management still skips the check for the auth API.

Negative controls, both confirmed:
  - authorizing against the caller-supplied resource owner: the two RPC
    subtests fail on org1 != org2.
  - dropping the check: they fail on an unexpected ID generation and an
    unfulfilled resource owner lookup, i.e. a code would have been issued.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <[email protected]>

* test(management): simulate cross-org passwordless registration link attack

Reproduces the attack against a live instance through the deprecated v1
management API, and pins the two access guarantees the fix has to keep.

Verified by running the three builds against a real instance:

  | build                          | cross-org denied | IAM_USER_MANAGER can send |
  |--------------------------------|------------------|---------------------------|
  | no check                       | FAIL, link with  | PASS                      |
  |                                | plaintext code   |                           |
  |                                | returned         |                           |
  | user.credential.write for both | PASS             | FAIL, AUTH-AWfge          |
  | per-RPC permissions (shipped)  | PASS             | PASS                      |

Row 1 is the vulnerability. Row 2 is why SendPasswordlessRegistration keeps
user.write: IAM_USER_MANAGER holds it instance wide, and instance memberships
resolve in every organization, so the stricter permission would take the
endpoint away from that role everywhere.

ORG_USER_MANAGER gets no separate case: it holds the same user.write through an
org-scoped membership, which the same-org subtest already covers. The auth API's
self-service equivalents have no integration test suite; they are covered by the
self-management unit test instead.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <[email protected]>

* chore: trigger checks

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <[email protected]>

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5 <[email protected]>
2026-08-14 06:11:39 +02:00
jmaretteandGitHub f34cc45eac feat(oidc): add RFC 7591 dynamic client registration (#12313)
# Which Problems Are Solved

ZITADEL cannot currently be used as an OAuth 2.0 Authorization Server by
clients that need to register themselves at runtime:

- There is no [OAuth 2.0 Dynamic Client Registration (RFC
7591)](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7591) endpoint, and no
`registration_endpoint` is advertised in the discovery document.
- This blocks [Model Context Protocol
(MCP)](https://modelcontextprotocol.io) clients (Claude Desktop,
claude.ai, Cursor, the MCP SDKs), whose OAuth 2.1 authorization profile
expects an Authorization Server that supports dynamic client
registration. They self-register before any user context exists and only
then start the authorization code + PKCE flow.

# How the Problems Are Solved

## Control plane: instance security settings

No feature flag and no runtime config. A
`DynamicClientRegistrationSettings` message is nested under the instance
`SecuritySettings` in `settings/v2`, next to `embedded_iframe` and
`enable_impersonation`:

| `enabled` | `allow_unauthenticated` | Behaviour |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `false` (default) | — | `POST /oauth/v2/register` returns `404`,
`registration_endpoint` absent from discovery |
| `true` | `false` (default) | Token-gated registration, client homed in
the token's organization |
| `true` | `true` | Open registration for MCP hosts, client homed in the
instance default organization |

Both values are carried on `authz.Instance` and loaded with the
instance, exactly like `EnableImpersonation`, so the discovery document
and the endpoint read them per request without an extra query.
`allow_unauthenticated` implies `enabled` in both implementations, so a
single setting closes the endpoint.

Adding the two columns bumps the projection table to
`projections.security_policies3`, following what the impersonation
setting did for `security_policies2`.

## Authorization: a dedicated permission, not `project.app.write`

- New org-scoped permission **`project.app.register_dynamic`**, granted
by default to `ORG_OWNER`, `IAM_OWNER` and `IAM_ORG_MANAGER` — in both
`InternalAuthZ` and `SystemAuthZ`, mirroring where `project.app.write`
already lives.
- New built-in role **`ORG_DYNAMIC_CLIENT_REGISTRAR`** carrying only
that permission, so a service user can self-register clients without
gaining write access to the organization's existing applications.
- Open mode (`allow_unauthenticated = true`) requires no token and no
permission: that is the MCP self-register path.
- A valid token whose user lacks the permission is answered with **`403
insufficient_scope`** (RFC 6750 §3.1) rather than `401 invalid_token`,
so a caller can tell "your token is bad" from "your token may not do
this". `verifyAccessToken` also reports invalid tokens as permission
denied, so the authorization failure is marked explicitly to keep the
two apart.

The check runs once, at the endpoint, right after the token is verified
and before any state is created, so it also gates the auto-provisioning
of the organization's DCR project. The permission itself lives in the
command layer next to the others
(`Commands.CheckPermissionRegisterDynamicClient`). As the OIDC endpoints
are not behind the authorization interceptor, the caller identity is
derived from the verified token, the way token exchange does for the
impersonating actor.

## Registration itself

- **Registered clients are ordinary OIDC applications.** The endpoint
reuses the existing application-creation events
(`NewApplicationAddedEvent` and `NewOIDCConfigAddedEvent`), so the whole
token, authorization and introspection flow keeps working unchanged.
They are stored in a dedicated, auto-provisioned project named `ZITADEL
DCR` per organization (name lookup), so they do not pollute the
`IAMProject` or other projects.
- Input is validated with the existing `GetOIDCV1Compliance` rules;
`private_key_jwt` and `jwks`/`jwks_uri` are rejected with
`invalid_client_metadata`.
- **Endpoint wiring without forking the library.** `NewServer` calls
`op.RegisterServer` instead of `op.RegisterLegacyServer`, so the new
route can be added through the same `op.WithSetRouter` hook as the
authorize callback. `op.RegisterLegacyServer` appends a middleware after
the caller options, which chi forbids once a route has been registered;
`op.NewIssuerInterceptor` reproduces the issuer middleware it would
otherwise add. The `/oauth/v2` routing prefix is unchanged.

# Additional Changes

- **`application_type` inference for custom-scheme redirects** (last
commit, isolated). `application_type` is an OpenID Connect member; RFC
7591 does not define it, so clients that only implement RFC 7591 omit
it. Native MCP hosts doing so register custom-scheme redirect URIs,
which ZITADEL reserves for native applications, and the OIDC default of
`web` rejected them with `invalid_redirect_uri`. Inference is limited to
custom schemes and to an absent `application_type`, so every request
accepted today keeps its current application type and auth method — an
`http` loopback redirect still yields a web application. Happy to drop
this commit if you would rather keep it out of this PR.
- **Docs**: a Dynamic Client Registration integration guide, a
`registration_endpoint` section on the OpenID Connect endpoints page,
and the new role in the administrators table (plus its description in
the Console translations).

# Additional Context

- Part of #9810. This is **Phase 1 (DCR)**; #12315 adds RFC 7592 and
#12316 adds CIMD, both stacked on this branch and rebased once this
lands.
- Implements the control-plane and authorization model requested in the
review of this PR, itself a refinement of the direction in
https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/issues/9810#issuecomment-4891176997.
- **Out of scope (deliberately)**: RFC 7592, CIMD, persisting free-form
metadata (`logo_uri`, `contacts`, and similar), and `private_key_jwt` /
`jwks_uri` (rejected cleanly). No new event types.
- Follow-ups explicitly left out, per the review: DCR client lifecycle
and richer audit, consent and custom scopes, JWT / `aud` (RFC 8707), and
RFC 8414 AS metadata (currently absent from both ZITADEL and
`zitadel/oidc`).
2026-07-30 14:43:47 +00:00
5f34d1af8f chore: forward port organization v2 API changes (#11207)
# Which Problems Are Solved

Recent changes to the v2beta and v2 API of the organization service were
directly merged to the `next` branch and release on v4.x, since the
ongoing move to the relation table, blocked it from being merged into
main.

# How the Problems Are Solved

This PR ports the following changes into main:
- fix(api): correct permission check in organization v2beta service:
https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/commit/8dcfff97ed52a8b9fc77ecb1f972744f42cff3ed
- fix(actions v1): return org metadata again
(https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/pull/11040)
- feat(api): move organization api
(https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/pull/11045)

# Additional Changes

None

# Additional Context

relates to #10772

---------

Co-authored-by: Gayathri Vijayan <[email protected]>
2026-01-05 14:14:01 +00:00
Gayathri VijayanandGitHub ad8e8bf61f feat(group): manage users in user groups (#10940)
# Which Problems Are Solved

1. Adding users to user groups and removing users from user groups.
2. Searching for users in user groups by group IDs or user IDs

# How the Problems Are Solved

By adding:
1. The API definitions to manage users in users groups
3. The command-layer implementation of adding users/removing users
to/from user groups.
4. The projection table group_users1
5. Query-side implementation to search for users in user groups

# Additional Changes

1. Remove debug statements from unit tests.
2. Fix removal of groups when orgs are removed
3. Add unit tests for groups projection

# Additional Context

* Related to #9702 
* Follow-up for PRs 
  * https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/pull/10455
  * https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/pull/10758
  * https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/pull/10853
2025-10-28 13:23:54 +00:00
Gayathri VijayanandGitHub ebc6c503a3 feat(group): add group permissions (#10853)
# Which Problems Are Solved
Ensuring the user group resource is managed with appropriate
permissions.

# How the Problems Are Solved
By configuring and checking for the relevant permissions needed to
create, read, update, and delete the user groups resource.

# Additional Changes
N/A

# Additional Context
- Related to #9702 
- Follow-up for PRs #10455,  #10758
2025-10-21 11:18:21 +02:00
b6ff4ff16c fix: generated project grant id (#10747)
# Which Problems Are Solved

Project Grant ID would have needed to be unique to be handled properly
on the projections, but was defined as the organization ID the project
was granted to, so could be non-unique.

# How the Problems Are Solved

Generate the Project Grant ID even in the v2 APIs, which also includes
fixes in the integration tests.
Additionally to that, the logic for some functionality had to be
extended as the Project Grant ID is not provided anymore in the API, so
had to be queried before creating events for Project Grants.

# Additional Changes

Included fix for authorizations, when an authorization was intended to
be created for a project, without providing any organization
information, which also showed some faulty integration tests.

# Additional Context

Partially closes #10745

---------

Co-authored-by: Livio Spring <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Silvan <[email protected]>
2025-09-21 14:04:25 +00:00
Livio SpringandGitHub 5329d50509 fix: correct user self management on metadata and delete (#10666)
# Which Problems Are Solved

This PR fixes the self-management of users for metadata and own removal
and improves the corresponding permission checks.
While looking into the problems, I also noticed that there's a bug in
the metadata mapping when using `api.metadata.push` in actions v1 and
that re-adding a previously existing key after its removal was not
possible.

# How the Problems Are Solved

- Added a parameter `allowSelfManagement` to checkPermissionOnUser to
not require a permission if a user is changing its own data.
- Updated use of `NewPermissionCheckUserWrite` including prevention of
self-management for metadata.
- Pass permission check to the command side (for metadata functions) to
allow it implicitly for login v1 and actions v1.
- Use of json.Marshal for the metadata mapping (as with
`AppendMetadata`)
- Check the metadata state when comparing the value.

# Additional Changes

- added a variadic `roles` parameter to the `CreateOrgMembership`
integration test helper function to allow defining specific roles.

# Additional Context

- noted internally while testing v4.1.x
- requires backport to v4.x
- closes https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/issues/10470
- relates to https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/pull/10426
2025-09-16 12:26:21 +00:00
Gayathri VijayanandGitHub 0929c4d235 fix: create project with the right permission (#10485)
# Which Problems Are Solved

When a user with an `ORG_PROJECT_CREATOR` role tries to create a
project, the request fails with `No matching permissions found
(AUTH-AWfge)` error. This is because `project.write` was set as the
required permission instead of `project.create` during project creation.

# How the Problems Are Solved
By setting the right required permission (`project.create`) while
creating new projects.

# Additional Changes
N/A

# Additional Context
- Closes #10399
2025-08-15 11:35:43 +02:00
5403be7c4b feat: user profile requests in resource APIs (#10151)
# Which Problems Are Solved

The commands for the resource based v2beta AuthorizationService API are
added.
Authorizations, previously knows as user grants, give a user in a
specific organization and project context roles.
The project can be owned or granted.
The given roles can be used to restrict access within the projects
applications.

The commands for the resource based v2beta InteralPermissionService API
are added.
Administrators, previously knows as memberships, give a user in a
specific organization and project context roles.
The project can be owned or granted.
The give roles give the user permissions to manage different resources
in Zitadel.

API definitions from https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/issues/9165 are
implemented.

Contains endpoints for user metadata.

# How the Problems Are Solved

### New Methods

- CreateAuthorization
- UpdateAuthorization
- DeleteAuthorization
- ActivateAuthorization
- DeactivateAuthorization
- ListAuthorizations
- CreateAdministrator
- UpdateAdministrator
- DeleteAdministrator
- ListAdministrators
- SetUserMetadata to set metadata on a user
- DeleteUserMetadata to delete metadata on a user
- ListUserMetadata to query for metadata of a user

## Deprecated Methods

### v1.ManagementService
- GetUserGrantByID
- ListUserGrants
- AddUserGrant
- UpdateUserGrant
- DeactivateUserGrant
- ReactivateUserGrant
- RemoveUserGrant
- BulkRemoveUserGrant

### v1.AuthService
- ListMyUserGrants
- ListMyProjectPermissions

# Additional Changes

- Permission checks for metadata functionality on query and command side
- correct existence checks for resources, for example you can only be an
administrator on an existing project
- combined all member tables to singular query for the administrators
- add permission checks for command an query side functionality
- combined functions on command side where necessary for easier
maintainability

# Additional Context

Closes #9165

---------

Co-authored-by: Elio Bischof <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Copilot <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Livio Spring <[email protected]>
2025-07-04 18:12:59 +02:00
Marco A.andGitHub 2691dae2b6 feat: App API v2 (#10077)
# Which Problems Are Solved

This PR *partially* addresses #9450 . Specifically, it implements the
resource based API for the apps. APIs for app keys ARE not part of this
PR.

# How the Problems Are Solved

- `CreateApplication`, `PatchApplication` (update) and
`RegenerateClientSecret` endpoints are now unique for all app types:
API, SAML and OIDC apps.
  - All new endpoints have integration tests
  - All new endpoints are using permission checks V2

# Additional Changes

- The `ListApplications` endpoint allows to do sorting (see protobuf for
details) and filtering by app type (see protobuf).
- SAML and OIDC update endpoint can now receive requests for partial
updates

# Additional Context

Partially addresses #9450
2025-06-27 17:25:44 +02:00
Stefan BenzandGitHub 85e3b7449c fix: correct permissions for projects on v2 api (#9973)
# Which Problems Are Solved

Permission checks in project v2beta API did not cover projects and
granted projects correctly.

# How the Problems Are Solved

Add permission checks v1 correctly to the list queries, add correct
permission checks v2 for projects.

# Additional Changes

Correct Pre-Checks for project grants that the right resource owner is
used.

# Additional Context

Permission checks v2 for project grants is still outstanding under
#9972.
2025-06-04 11:46:10 +00:00
7eb45c6cfd feat: project v2beta resource API (#9742)
# Which Problems Are Solved

Resource management of projects and sub-resources was before limited by
the context provided by the management API, which would mean you could
only manage resources belonging to a specific organization.

# How the Problems Are Solved

With the addition of a resource-based API, it is now possible to manage
projects and sub-resources on the basis of the resources themselves,
which means that as long as you have the permission for the resource,
you can create, read, update and delete it.

- CreateProject to create a project under an organization
- UpdateProject to update an existing project
- DeleteProject to delete an existing project
- DeactivateProject and ActivateProject to change the status of a
project
- GetProject to query for a specific project with an identifier
- ListProject to query for projects and granted projects
- CreateProjectGrant to create a project grant with project and granted
organization
- UpdateProjectGrant to update the roles of a project grant
- DeactivateProjectGrant and ActivateProjectGrant to change the status
of a project grant
- DeleteProjectGrant to delete an existing project grant
- ListProjectGrants to query for project grants
- AddProjectRole to add a role to an existing project
- UpdateProjectRole to change texts of an existing role
- RemoveProjectRole to remove an existing role
- ListProjectRoles to query for project roles

# Additional Changes

- Changes to ListProjects, which now contains granted projects as well
- Changes to messages as defined in the
[API_DESIGN](https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/blob/main/API_DESIGN.md)
- Permission checks for project functionality on query and command side
- Added testing to unit tests on command side
- Change update endpoints to no error returns if nothing changes in the
resource
- Changed all integration test utility to the new service
- ListProjects now also correctly lists `granted projects`
- Permission checks for project grant and project role functionality on
query and command side
- Change existing pre checks so that they also work resource specific
without resourceowner
- Added the resourceowner to the grant and role if no resourceowner is
provided
- Corrected import tests with project grants and roles
- Added testing to unit tests on command side
- Change update endpoints to no error returns if nothing changes in the
resource
- Changed all integration test utility to the new service
- Corrected some naming in the proto files to adhere to the API_DESIGN

# Additional Context

Closes #9177

---------

Co-authored-by: Livio Spring <[email protected]>
2025-05-21 14:40:47 +02:00
898366c537 fix: allow user self deletion (#9828)
# Which Problems Are Solved

Currently, users can't delete themselves using the V2 RemoveUser API
because of the redunant API middleware permission check.

On main, using a machine user PAT to delete the same machine user:

```bash
grpcurl -plaintext -H "Authorization: Bearer ${ZITADEL_ACCESS_TOKEN}" -d '{"userId": "318838604669387137"}' localhost:8080 zitadel.user.v2.UserService.DeleteUser
ERROR:
  Code: NotFound
  Message: membership not found (AUTHZ-cdgFk)
  Details:
  1)	{
    	  "@type": "type.googleapis.com/zitadel.v1.ErrorDetail",
    	  "id": "AUTHZ-cdgFk",
    	  "message": "membership not found"
    	}
```

Same on this PRs branch:

```bash
grpcurl -plaintext -H "Authorization: Bearer ${ZITADEL_ACCESS_TOKEN}" -d '{"userId": "318838604669387137"}' localhost:8080 zitadel.user.v2.UserService.DeleteUser
{
  "details": {
    "sequence": "3",
    "changeDate": "2025-05-06T13:44:54.349048Z",
    "resourceOwner": "318838541083804033"
  }
}
```

Repeated call
```bash
grpcurl -plaintext -H "Authorization: Bearer ${ZITADEL_ACCESS_TOKEN}" -d '{"userId": "318838604669387137"}' localhost:8080 zitadel.user.v2.UserService.DeleteUser
ERROR:
  Code: Unauthenticated
  Message: Errors.Token.Invalid (AUTH-7fs1e)
  Details:
  1)	{
    	  "@type": "type.googleapis.com/zitadel.v1.ErrorDetail",
    	  "id": "AUTH-7fs1e",
    	  "message": "Errors.Token.Invalid"
    	}
```

# How the Problems Are Solved

The middleware permission check is disabled and the
domain.PermissionCheck is used exclusively.

# Additional Changes

A new type command.PermissionCheck allows to optionally accept a
permission check for commands, so APIs with middleware permission checks
can omit redundant permission checks by passing nil while APIs without
middleware permission checks can pass one to the command.

# Additional Context

This is a subtask of #9763

---------

Co-authored-by: Livio Spring <[email protected]>
2025-05-07 15:24:24 +02:00