fix(setup): ensure PostgreSQL 18 compatibility (#11484)

# Which Problems Are Solved

When starting Zitadel with Postgres version 18, setup fails with the
following error:

`level=error msg="migration failed" caller=".../cmd/setup/setup.go:373"
code=0A000 detail= error="ERROR: partitioned tables cannot be unlogged
(SQLSTATE 0A000)" hint= message="partitioned tables cannot be unlogged"
name=34_add_cache_schema severity=ERROR`

# How the Problems Are Solved

- Modify setup step 34 to ensure compatibility with PostgreSQL 18 by
changing the creation of the partitioned tables to`LOGGED` tables but
keep the partitions `UNLOGGED`.
- Added an additional setup step which alters the table persistence of
the partitioned tables to `LOGGED`.

# Additional Changes

- Bumped Postgres compatibility to version 18 in docs.
- Ensure default partitions for cache tables

## Additional Context

- closes https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/issues/10712
- backport to v4
- migration from PostgreSQL version 17 to 18 was verified using
`pg_dumpall` and restoring the created backup file
- and new setups using PostgreSQL version 18 directly

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <[email protected]>

.devcontainer/docker-compose.yaml

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ services:
       - "4200:4200"
 
   db:
-    image: postgres:17
+    image: postgres:18
     restart: unless-stopped
     env_file:
       - ./.env.db
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ services:
       - 5432:5432
 
   db-api-integration:
-    image: 'postgres:17'
+    image: 'postgres:18'
     env_file:
       - ./.env.db
     environment:
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ services:
       - 6379:6379
 
   db-functional-ui:
-    image: 'postgres:17'
+    image: 'postgres:18'
     env_file:
       - ./.env.db
     environment: