diff --git a/internal/command/user_v2_invite_model.go b/internal/command/user_v2_invite_model.go
index 56545caa7..6681d1fea 100644
--- a/internal/command/user_v2_invite_model.go
+++ b/internal/command/user_v2_invite_model.go
@@ -22,13 +22,54 @@ type UserV2InviteWriteModel struct {
 	URLTemplate     string
 	CodeReturned    bool
 	EmailVerified   bool
-	AuthMethodSet   bool
+
+	// authMethods holds the primary auth methods (password, passkeys, IDP links)
+	// the user currently has, keyed uniquely per method. It is tracked as the
+	// current set rather than a sticky flag, so that removing all auth methods
+	// re-enables the invite flow, mirroring what ListUserAuthMethodTypes reports.
+	authMethods map[authMethodKey]struct{}
 
 	UserState domain.UserState
 }
 
+// authMethodKey uniquely identifies a single primary auth method within the
+// authMethods set.
+// ID components (e.g. an externalUserID supplied by an external IDP) cannot
+// collide across method instances regardless of their contents.
+type authMethodKey struct {
+	kind           string
+	idpConfigID    string
+	externalUserID string
+	passkeyTokenID string
+}
+
+func passwordAuthMethodKey() authMethodKey {
+	return authMethodKey{kind: "password"}
+}
+
+func idpAuthMethodKey(idpConfigID, externalUserID string) authMethodKey {
+	return authMethodKey{kind: "idp", idpConfigID: idpConfigID, externalUserID: externalUserID}
+}
+
+func passkeyAuthMethodKey(tokenID string) authMethodKey {
+	return authMethodKey{kind: "passkey", passkeyTokenID: tokenID}
+}
+
+// AuthMethodSet reports whether the user currently has at least one primary
+// auth method (password, passkey or IDP link) set up.
+func (wm *UserV2InviteWriteModel) AuthMethodSet() bool {
+	return len(wm.authMethods) > 0
+}
+
 func (wm *UserV2InviteWriteModel) CreationAllowed() bool {
-	return !wm.AuthMethodSet
+	return !wm.AuthMethodSet()
+}
+
+func (wm *UserV2InviteWriteModel) addAuthMethod(key authMethodKey) {
+	if wm.authMethods == nil {
+		wm.authMethods = make(map[authMethodKey]struct{})
+	}
+	wm.authMethods[key] = struct{}{}
 }
 
 func newUserV2InviteWriteModel(userID, orgID string) *UserV2InviteWriteModel {
@@ -51,7 +92,10 @@ func (wm *UserV2InviteWriteModel) Reduce() error {
 			wm.CodeReturned = false
 			wm.EmailVerified = false
 			wm.UserState = domain.UserStateActive
-			wm.AuthMethodSet = crypto.SecretOrEncodedHash(e.Secret, e.EncodedHash) != ""
+			wm.authMethods = nil
+			if crypto.SecretOrEncodedHash(e.Secret, e.EncodedHash) != "" {
+				wm.addAuthMethod(passwordAuthMethodKey())
+			}
 		case *user.HumanRegisteredEvent:
 			wm.EmptyInviteCode()
 			wm.ApplicationName = ""
@@ -60,7 +104,10 @@ func (wm *UserV2InviteWriteModel) Reduce() error {
 			wm.CodeReturned = false
 			wm.EmailVerified = false
 			wm.UserState = domain.UserStateActive
-			wm.AuthMethodSet = crypto.SecretOrEncodedHash(e.Secret, e.EncodedHash) != ""
+			wm.authMethods = nil
+			if crypto.SecretOrEncodedHash(e.Secret, e.EncodedHash) != "" {
+				wm.addAuthMethod(passwordAuthMethodKey())
+			}
 		case *user.MachineAddedEvent:
 			wm.EmptyInviteCode()
 			wm.ApplicationName = ""
@@ -68,7 +115,7 @@ func (wm *UserV2InviteWriteModel) Reduce() error {
 			wm.URLTemplate = ""
 			wm.CodeReturned = false
 			wm.EmailVerified = false
-			wm.AuthMethodSet = false
+			wm.authMethods = nil
 		case *user.HumanInviteCodeAddedEvent:
 			wm.SetInviteCode(e.Code, e.Expiry, e.CreationDate())
 			wm.URLTemplate = e.URLTemplate
@@ -103,14 +150,20 @@ func (wm *UserV2InviteWriteModel) Reduce() error {
 			wm.URLTemplate = ""
 			wm.CodeReturned = false
 			wm.EmailVerified = false
-			wm.AuthMethodSet = false
+			wm.authMethods = nil
 			wm.UserState = domain.UserStateDeleted
 		case *user.HumanPasswordChangedEvent:
-			wm.AuthMethodSet = true
+			wm.addAuthMethod(passwordAuthMethodKey())
 		case *user.UserIDPLinkAddedEvent:
-			wm.AuthMethodSet = true
+			wm.addAuthMethod(idpAuthMethodKey(e.IDPConfigID, e.ExternalUserID))
+		case *user.UserIDPLinkRemovedEvent:
+			delete(wm.authMethods, idpAuthMethodKey(e.IDPConfigID, e.ExternalUserID))
+		case *user.UserIDPLinkCascadeRemovedEvent:
+			delete(wm.authMethods, idpAuthMethodKey(e.IDPConfigID, e.ExternalUserID))
 		case *user.HumanPasswordlessVerifiedEvent:
-			wm.AuthMethodSet = true
+			wm.addAuthMethod(passkeyAuthMethodKey(e.WebAuthNTokenID))
+		case *user.HumanPasswordlessRemovedEvent:
+			delete(wm.authMethods, passkeyAuthMethodKey(e.WebAuthNTokenID))
 		}
 	}
 	return wm.WriteModel.Reduce()
@@ -153,7 +206,10 @@ func (wm *UserV2InviteWriteModel) Query() *eventstore.SearchQueryBuilder {
 			user.HumanPasswordChangedType,
 			user.UserV1PasswordChangedType,
 			user.UserIDPLinkAddedType,
+			user.UserIDPLinkRemovedType,
+			user.UserIDPLinkCascadeRemovedType,
 			user.HumanPasswordlessTokenVerifiedType,
+			user.HumanPasswordlessTokenRemovedType,
 		).Builder()
 	if wm.ResourceOwner != "" {
 		query.ResourceOwner(wm.ResourceOwner)
diff --git a/internal/command/user_v2_invite_test.go b/internal/command/user_v2_invite_test.go
index 8e5851570..0de2abce9 100644
--- a/internal/command/user_v2_invite_test.go
+++ b/internal/command/user_v2_invite_test.go
@@ -742,6 +742,114 @@ func TestCommands_CreateInviteCode(t *testing.T) {
 				returnCode: gu.Ptr("code2"),
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			"user already has an auth method, precondition failed",
+			fields{
+				eventstore: expectEventstore(
+					expectFilter(
+						eventFromEventPusher(
+							user.NewHumanAddedEvent(context.Background(),
+								&user.NewAggregate("userID", "org1").Aggregate,
+								"username", "firstName",
+								"lastName",
+								"nickName",
+								"displayName",
+								language.Afrikaans,
+								domain.GenderUnspecified,
+								"email",
+								false,
+							),
+						),
+						eventFromEventPusher(
+							user.NewUserIDPLinkAddedEvent(context.Background(),
+								&user.NewAggregate("userID", "org1").Aggregate,
+								"idpConfigID", "displayName", "externalUserID",
+							),
+						),
+					),
+				),
+				checkPermission:         newMockPermissionCheckAllowed(),
+				defaultSecretGenerators: &SecretGenerators{},
+			},
+			args{
+				ctx: context.Background(),
+				invite: &CreateUserInvite{
+					UserID: "userID",
+				},
+			},
+			want{
+				err: zerrors.ThrowPreconditionFailed(nil, "COMMAND-EF34g", "Errors.User.AlreadyInitialised"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			"create ok after all auth methods removed",
+			fields{
+				eventstore: expectEventstore(
+					expectFilter(
+						eventFromEventPusher(
+							user.NewHumanAddedEvent(context.Background(),
+								&user.NewAggregate("userID", "org1").Aggregate,
+								"username", "firstName",
+								"lastName",
+								"nickName",
+								"displayName",
+								language.Afrikaans,
+								domain.GenderUnspecified,
+								"email",
+								false,
+							),
+						),
+						// user linked an IDP, then it was removed again
+						eventFromEventPusher(
+							user.NewUserIDPLinkAddedEvent(context.Background(),
+								&user.NewAggregate("userID", "org1").Aggregate,
+								"idpConfigID", "displayName", "externalUserID",
+							),
+						),
+						eventFromEventPusher(
+							user.NewUserIDPLinkRemovedEvent(context.Background(),
+								&user.NewAggregate("userID", "org1").Aggregate,
+								"idpConfigID", "externalUserID",
+							),
+						),
+					),
+					expectPush(
+						eventFromEventPusher(
+							user.NewHumanInviteCodeAddedEvent(context.Background(),
+								&user.NewAggregate("userID", "org1").Aggregate,
+								&crypto.CryptoValue{
+									CryptoType: crypto.TypeEncryption,
+									Algorithm:  "enc",
+									KeyID:      "id",
+									Crypted:    []byte("code"),
+								},
+								time.Hour,
+								"",
+								false,
+								"",
+								"",
+							),
+						),
+					),
+				),
+				checkPermission:             newMockPermissionCheckAllowed(),
+				newEncryptedCodeWithDefault: mockEncryptedCodeWithDefault("code", time.Hour),
+				defaultSecretGenerators:     &SecretGenerators{},
+			},
+			args{
+				ctx: context.Background(),
+				invite: &CreateUserInvite{
+					UserID: "userID",
+				},
+			},
+			want{
+				details: &domain.ObjectDetails{
+					ResourceOwner: "org1",
+					ID:            "userID",
+				},
+				returnCode: nil,
+			},
+		},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {